The enforcement mechanisms SMCRA relies upon—prohibitions against selling coal or obtaining new permits—are now meaningless to many companies that do not want new permits and have no buyers for coal, making enforcement of reclamation standards even more difficult for s...
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Green Forests Work. Such aggressive bulldozing is part of a new and evolving approach to healing forests destroyed by decades of surface coal mining in Appalachia, from Alabama to Pennsylvania. These lands were supposed to have been reclaimed in recent decades under the 1977 federal Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act.
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The reclamation process for all surface mining—including coal, bentonite, and trona—is very similar. When mining begins, the top soil—the top layer of fertile soil in which plants grow—is removed and saved for later use. The overburden—the soil that covers the mineral—is also removed and saved. Once mining operations are finished ...
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Figure A typical coal mine reclamation process includes filling in the pit after coal removal (top), recontouring to fit the adjacent landscape (middle), and then seeding with desired plant species (bottom). Photographs courtesy of M. Anne Naeth, licensed under a CC BY (Attribution) license.
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A method of mine land reclamation coupled with underground mining was proposed. • The influence of mining sequence on temporal and spatial development of surface subsidence was analyzed. • The reclamation rate of concurrent mining and reclamation (CMR) increased from 32% of traditional reclamation to 65%. •
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Abstract. This paper is devoted to the restoration of vegetation around mining areas on the example of two landreclamation zones in the Borodinsky coal mine during springsummer of . Analysis of vegetation in this area has shown that indicators of spontaneous plant diversity in plots No. 1 and No. 2 were considered moderate in both ...
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authority to issue and enforce coal mining and reclamation permits. No tribe has established a regulatory program under Title V. OSMRE, in coordination with tribes, regulates coal mining on tribal lands. SMCRA requires coal mining operators regulated under Title V to provide a financial assurance, or performance bond, to the regulatory authority.
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Land reclamation in coal mining areas is a longterm dynamic process, and its ecosystem structure and function require a certain amount of time to develop, stabilize, and then reach maturity (MorenoMateos et al., 2020). ... Instead, studies should be based on key stages of the land reclamation process, such as the initial period, development ...
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The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Reclamation Program uses fees paid by presentday coal mining companies to reclaim coal mines abandoned before 1977. This makes these areas safer for people and the environment. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977, as amended, created this program. Provisions of the act set standards for ...
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Underground Mining. Typical underground mining operations begin either by clearing a section along the hillside where the coal outcrops or by tunneling downward to reach subsurface coal (Skousen and Zipper, 2021).Roomandpillar mines progress by excavating linear channels into the coal seam and connecting the channels with rooms while leaving pillars of coal behind to support the ...
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Mining is one of the most important economic sectors in Indonesia. Mining products contribute up to 17% per year of Indonesia's total export value, and from several major mining products, coal mining contributes a value of % [].Data from verified resources and reserves as of December 2019 showed that coal mining had the potential to reach 88, and 25, million tons, respectively.
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While the successful reclamation of coal postmining land sites in Indonesia has been evaluated, no costbenefit analysis has been carried out on the reclamation of mined land, and the impact of the reclamation work has not been determined. The results of this case study indicate that reclamation work is not an emissionfree process, but that the benefits delivered from this work are considerable.
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effects of past mining by aggressively pursuing reclamation of abandoned coal mines. In performing its mission, OSMRE does not engage in activities typically associated with singleuse plastics. For example, we do not use concession services, nor do we have facility ... use plastics, and continuous process improvement conducted with the single ...
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The operation plan sets forth a process by which coal will be mined and all the requirements of the reclamation plan are implemented. Unlike any other type of mining reclamation, coal mine reclamation is contemporaneous with the removal of coal. There are strict provisions that limit the amount of disturbance without corresponding reclamation.
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Acid mine drainage is the most severe and wellrecognized environmental problem related to coal mining and can impact surface waters, including lakes, ponds, creeks, and even entire watersheds. AMD is water typically with a pH less than 4 that drains from mine workings and from mine spoils, and coal refuse (called acid rock drainage).
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Sludge was added to reconstructed mine substrates (RMS) to accelerate the reclamation process. The effect of sludge on plant growth, microbial activity, soil aggregate stability, and...
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The 1,120 Piparwar opencast mining project was one of the largest coalproducing mines in Jharkhand before it closed operations in June 2020. Photo by Rakesh Ranjan. Read more: Kolar Gold fields: From fields of gold to a dust bowl. Environmentalists caution against unplanned reclamation process
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The OSMRE Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Reclamation Program addresses the hazards and environmental degradation posed by legacy coal mines. While AMLs can be dangerous and unwelcoming, through reclamation, this land can find a new purpose. AML Fee Collection Status of the AML Fund Distribution of AML Grants Reclamation in Action AML Reclamation Awards
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Maryland has industries like coal mining in its industrial past, which means it has legacy pollution now. ... adverse effects after the process has finished. ... Mining Reclamation and Enforcement ...
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The findings could lead Congress or the Department of the Interior to take steps to make sure unreclaimed mines get reclaimed, she said. The lawmakers have asked GAO to quantify the number, location and size of coal mines that have neither produced coal or made reclamation progress, and whether bonding or other financial assurances are adequate to address the problem.
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The 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act requires coal companies to clean up damage as they mine. When mining is over, the land must be put back to "a condition capable of supporting the uses which it was capable of supporting prior to any mining." That's not how it generally works in practice.
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Coal Authority. Mine water is a plentiful source of heat, warmed by geological processes below ground (Credit: Coal Authority) A quarter of the UK's homes sit above abandoned coal mines, long ...
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